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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая лабораторная диагностика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0869-2084</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2412-1320</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">634177</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/cld634177</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cytological examination in the diagnosis of precursor lesions and endometrial cancer: single-center, cross-sectional, blind, controlled, non-randomized study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Цитологическое исследование в диагностике предопухолевых заболеваний и рака эндометрия: одноцентровое, одномоментное (поперечное), выборочное, слепое, контролируемое, нерандомизированное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3415-8183</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7732-7663</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpova</surname><given-names>Asel E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпова</surname><given-names>Асель Ерсаиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>aselique@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7838-6279</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7390-0085</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shabalova</surname><given-names>Irina P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шабалова</surname><given-names>Ирина Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>irenshab@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1793-5684</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5452-8168</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sozaeva</surname><given-names>Larisa G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Созаева</surname><given-names>Лариса Габицовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>sozaewa@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9612-6705</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4871-6150</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Godkov</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Годков</surname><given-names>Михаил Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>mgodkov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Voyno-Yasenetsky Scientific and Practical Center of Specialized Medical Care for Children</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-практический центр специализированной медицинской помощи детям имени Войно-Ясенецкого</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт имени Н.В. Склифосовского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-11-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-05-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-07-10"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-08-09"><day>09</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Karpova A.E., Shabalova I.P., Sozaeva L.G., Godkov M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Карпова А.Е., Шабалова И.П., Созаева Л.Г., Годков М.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karpova A.E., Shabalova I.P., Sozaeva L.G., Godkov M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карпова А.Е., Шабалова И.П., Созаева Л.Г., Годков М.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-12-19"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kld-journal.fedlab.ru/0869-2084/article/view/634177">https://kld-journal.fedlab.ru/0869-2084/article/view/634177</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold><italic>: </italic>Separate diagnostic curettage with material is obtained for histological examination is an invasive procedure with a number of surgical and anesthetic risks. In this regard, the cytological method of endometrial examination, due to the possibility of minimizing the associated risks and the high potential for diagnostic information, is of interest to improve.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold><italic>: </italic>To improve the cytological diagnosis of precancerous diseases and endometrial cancer.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS</bold><italic>: </italic>The study included 136 patients aged 22–79 years with endometrial pathology who underwent examination and treatment in medical institutions in Moscow in the period from 2019 to 2023. All patients underwent surgical treatment in the volume of hysteroscopy with separate diagnostic curettage or hysterectomy, and material from the endometrium was obtained for morphological examination. For cytological examination, the surface of the endometrium or a smear imprint of endometrial tissue were used. For immunocytochemical studies of the expression of p53, PTEN, p63 and CEA markers, 20 samples with endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, 22 samples with endometrioid adenocarcinoma and 5 endometrial samples with atypical hyperplasia were selected. The findings were compared with the results of histological examination and the diagnostic information content of traditional cytology, liquid cytology and their combination was evaluated. Statistical processing of the study results was carried out to generally methods using the StatTech v. 2.6.2 package (Stattech LLC, Russia).</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold><italic>: </italic>The study revealed a correlation (Pearson chi-squared criterion) between the results of histological examination of the endometrium and liquid cytology, as well as the results of histological examination and traditional cytology (for all indicators <italic>p </italic>&lt;0.0001). A statistically significant difference in the values of CEA expression in endometrial cells ( <italic>p </italic>=0.0311) was obtained in the groups of patients with endometrial hyperplasia without atypia, with atypical endometrial hyperplasia and with endometrial adenocarcinoma. The sensitivity and specificity of traditional cytology in detecting endometrial hyperplasia without atypia amounted to 68.4 and 81.7%, liquid cytology — 61.8 and 88.3%, and with the combined use of two cytological methods — 73.7 and 88.3%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of traditional and liquid cytology in the detection of atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial adenocarcinoma reached 100 and 97.5%, respectively.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold><italic>: </italic>The combined use of traditional and liquid cytology expands the possibilities of diagnosing pathological conditions of the endometrium. The significance of the use of the CEA marker in immunocytochemical examination for the diagnosis of endometrial adenocarcinoma has been confirmed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Раздельное диагностическое выскабливание, в ходе которого получают материал для гистологического исследования, является инвазивной процедурой, имеющей ряд хирургических и анестезиологических рисков. В этой связи представляет интерес совершенствование цитологического метода исследования эндометрия, ввиду возможности минимизации сопутствующих рисков и высоком потенциале диагностической информативности.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — совершенствование цитологической диагностики предопухолевых заболеваний и рака эндометрия.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы</bold>. В исследование включено 136 пациенток в возрасте 22–79 лет с патологией эндометрия, проходивших обследование и лечение в медицинских учреждениях г. Москвы в период с 2019 по 2023 год. Всем пациенткам было проведено оперативное лечение в объёме гистероскопии с раздельным диагностическим выскабливанием или гистерэктомии, а также получен материал из эндометрия для морфологического исследования. Для цитологического исследования использовали соскобы с поверхности эндометрия или мазок-отпечаток ткани эндометрия. Для иммуноцитохимического исследования экспрессии маркёров p53, PTEN, p63 и CEA были отобраны 20 образцов с гиперплазией эндометрия без атипии, 22 образца с эндометриоидной аденокарциномой и 5 образцов эндометрия с атипической гиперплазией. Полученные заключения сравнивали с результатами гистологического исследования и оценивали диагностическую информативность традиционной и жидкостной цитологии, а также их комбинации. Статистическую обработку результатов исследования проводили по общепринятым методикам с использованием пакета StatTech v. 2.6.2 (ООО «Статтех», Россия).</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. В ходе исследования обнаружена корреляция (критерий хи-квадрат Пирсона) между результатами гистологического исследования эндометрия и жидкостной цитологии, а также результатами гистологического исследования и традиционной цитологии (для всех показателей <italic>p </italic>&lt;0,0001). Получено статистически значимое различие значений экспрессии СЕА в клетках эндометрия ( <italic>p </italic>=0,0311) в группах пациенток с гиперплазией эндометрия без атипии, с атипической гиперплазией эндометрия и с аденокарциномой эндометрия. Чувствительность и специфичность традиционной цитологии в выявлении гиперплазии эндометрия без атипии составили 68,4 и 81,7%, жидкостной цитологии — 61,8 и 88,3%, а при совместном применении двух цитологических методов — 73,7 и 88,3% соответственно. Чувствительность и специфичность традиционной и жидкостной цитологии в выявлении атипической гиперплазии эндометрия и аденокарциномы эндометрия достигли 100 и 97,5% соответственно.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Комбинированное применение традиционной и жидкостной цитологии расширяет возможности диагностики патологических состояний эндометрия. Подтверждено значение применения маркёра СЕА в иммуноцитохимическом исследовании для диагностики аденокарциномы эндометрия.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cytology of endometrium</kwd><kwd>liquid cytology</kwd><kwd>endometrial cancer</kwd><kwd>precancerous lesions of endometrium</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>цитологическое исследование эндометрия</kwd><kwd>жидкостная цитология</kwd><kwd>рак эндометрия</kwd><kwd>предопухолевые заболевания эндометрия</kwd><kwd>иммуноцитохимическое исследование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bray F, Laversanne M, Sung H, et al. 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