Olfactory Responses of the Greenhouse Whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood and Its Parasitoid Encarsia formosa Gahan to Volatile Compounds of Entomopatogenic Fungi of the Genus Lecanicillum

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Abstract

To assess the prospects for the joint use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) and entomophages in plant protection from greenhouse whitefly, the influence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of fungi on the behavior of the phytophage and its parasitoid encarsia in 2 types of olfactometers was studied. In the Y-shaped olfactometer, it was revealed that 3 out of 9 EPF strains had a significant effect on the behavior of the imago phytophagus. The mycelium of the Vl 72 strain of the L. muscarium species showed an attractive effect (AE = +16), and for the Vl 61 strain of the same species and the Vit 71 strain of the L. attenuatum has been found to have a repellent effect against the pest (AE = –28 and –20, respectively). Experiments in two-chamber olfactometers, where T. vaporariorum was tested not individually, but in groups (15 individuals each), showed that all the studied strains did not affect the reactions of the phytophage. The activity of VOCs fungi against encarsia was less pronounced compared to whitefly. In the Y-shaped olfactometer, it was shown that only Vit 71 (L. attenuatum) showed an attractive effect, the remaining strains did not cause reactions in the parasitoid or showed a tendency to attract it.

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G. V. Mitina

All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection

Author for correspondence.
Email: galmit@rambler.ru
Russian Federation, Shosse Podbel’skogo 3, St. Petersburg–Pushkin 196608

O. S. Kirillova

All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection

Email: galmit@rambler.ru
Russian Federation, Shosse Podbel’skogo 3, St. Petersburg–Pushkin 196608

A. A. Choglokova

All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection

Email: galmit@rambler.ru
Russian Federation, Shosse Podbel’skogo 3, St. Petersburg–Pushkin 196608

M. A. Cherepanova

All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection

Email: galmit@rambler.ru
Russian Federation, Shosse Podbel’skogo 3, St. Petersburg–Pushkin 196608

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2. Fig. 1. Scheme for assessing the olfactory reactions of insects to VOCs of entomopathogenic fungi: (a) – in a Y-shaped olfactometer, (b) – in a two-chamber olfactometer; 1 – block with mycelium, 2 – agar block, 3 – chamber for releasing test insects.

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