Water-Extractable Organic Matter of Soils with Different Degree of Degradation from Erosion and Sedimentation in a Small Catchment in the Central Forest-Steppe Part of the Central Russian Upland (Tillage Soils)

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Abstract

Dissolved organic matter is the most mobile part of soil organic matter. At the same time, its change and transformation processes occuring during soil erosion have not been sufficiently studied. The goal of the work was to assess the optical properties of water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) in arable soils of different degree of degradation from erosion and sedimentation in a plowed small arable catchment in the Kursk region. We studied WEOM of arable Protocalcic Chernozems (noneroded and moderately eroded) and their analogue with soil matter sedimentation – Novic Protocalcic Chernozems. WEOM was isolated from aggregates 2–1 and >10 mm. Aqueous extracts were characterized by their organic carbon and nitrogen content. Optical properties were assessed based on absorption spectra and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra. It was shown that in terms of the main quantitative indicators of soil organic matter – the content of organic carbon and nitrogen, as well as the pH value – washed away and reclaimed soils were close to each other and differed significantly from Protocalcic Chernozems. At the same time, both the quantitative and qualitative indicators of WEOM showed a different trend: the WEOM of Novic Protocalcic Chernozems differed significantly from noneroded and moderately eroded Protocalcic Chernozems. Besides, some indicators of WEOM (nitrogen content, SUVA254, S350–400 и SR) depended on the size of the aggregates from which WEOM was obtained (2–1 or >10 mm). In addition, the fluorescent properties of WEOM depend on the size of the aggregates. The obtained data allow us to conclude that the properties of WEOM in a small arable catchment in the central forest-steppe zone are largely determined by the processes of destruction of non-water-stable aggregates and the consolidation of their particles, as well as the leaching of water-soluble organic matter. When aggregates are destroyed by water, their particles migrate with flows along the slope, and organic matter undergoes decomposition; in depressions, particles accumulate, consolidate into blocky structural units, while the properties of their WEOM change significantly, both due to the degradation of organic matter and as a result of its leaching.

About the authors

V. A. Kholodov

Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute

Author for correspondence.
Email: vkholod@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6896-7897
Russian Federation, Moscow

N. V. Yaroslavtseva

Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute

Email: vkholod@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

A. R. Ziganshina

Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute

Email: vkholod@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

N. N. Danchenko

Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute

Email: vkholod@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

Yu. R. Farkhodov

Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute

Email: vkholod@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

S. V. Maksimovich

Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute

Email: vkholod@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

A. P. Zhidkin

Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute

Email: vkholod@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of humus layer depths in non-eroded chernozem (P), medium-eroded chernozem (E), stratozem (S)

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3. Fig. 2. Content in arable soil horizons of organic carbon (OC), nitrogen (N); pH value of water extract and the amount of dissolved organic carbon extracted by water extract 1 : 5 (DEOC). X-axis designations: P - non-leached chernozem; E - medium-leached chernozem; S - stratozem. Identical lowercase Latin letters at the columns of histograms indicate insignificance of differences in the mean between groups (analysis of variance at α = 0.05)

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4. Fig. 3. Water-extractable nitrogen content in aggregates 2-1 mm and clumps > 10 mm of arable soil horizons. P - non-leached chernozem; E - medium-leached chernozem; S - stratozem

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5. Fig. 4. Averaged absorption spectra of HEOV of arable soil horizons. Mean values with standard deviations of Napierian absorption coefficients α(λ) - Napierian absorption coefficients as a function of wavelength are given. P - non-leached chernozem; E - medium-leached chernozem; S - stratozem

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6. Fig. 5. SUVA254, S350-400 and SR VEOV indices of 2-1 mm aggregates and clumps > 10 mm of arable soil horizons. P - non-leached chernozem; E - medium leached chernozem; S - stratozem

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7. Fig. 6. Examples of three-dimensional HEOV fluorescence spectra of arable soil horizons. P - non-washed chernozem; E - medium-washed chernozem; S - stratozem, RU - Raman units

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8. Fig. 7. Components obtained by decomposition of the 3D fluorescence spectra of the used HEOV sample using PARAFAC. Each component is normalised to its intensity maximum

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9. Fig. 8. HEOV of aggregates 2-1 mm (open symbols) and clumps > 10 mm (filled symbols) of arable soil horizons (highlighted by ovals): P - non-leached chernozem; E - medium-leached chernozem; S - stratozem

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