№ 1-2 (2025)

The article discusses the influence of the topological features of the Neva River’s adjacent territories on the formation of the planning structure of St. Petersburg. The main topological problem of the city, formulated earlier by V.F. Nazarov, and the solution to this problem in the general plans of St. Petersburg – Leningrad are revealed. The urban planning features of the Admiralty side of St. Petersburg and the formation of the island arrows of the largest cities – St. Petersburg, Paris, New York – are revealed. The conclusion is made about the possibility of using the topological method in the design of new and transformation of existing urban complexes and public spaces.

The article considers key aspects of infrastructure creation for all-season tourism in the planned Caspian coastal cluster Dagestan. The problems of seasonal unevenness of tourist flows are analyzed, the main factors that affect the tourist attractiveness of the region are highlighted. Measures aimed at minimizing seasonal fluctuations are proposed: creation of a reliable transport network, including water routes; development of tourism types not subject to seasonal fluctuations: balneotherapy, ecotourism, agrotourism, cultural-educational and sports tourism.

The article is devoted to the disclosure and approbation in modern design practice of the conceptual foundations for improving the spatial planning organization of housing designed for the regions of the Far North and the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, a characteristic feature of which are harsh natural and climatic conditions. Exceptional importance is attached to the study of the fundamental heritage of Soviet and Russian scientists who have made significant efforts to develop this topic. Among the leading methods that form the basis for the search for new typological solutions of housing for the conditions of the North is the method of conceptual design modeling. The approbation of design solutions carried out within the framework of course and diploma design is carried out during presentations at all-Russian and international competitions, publication of projects in the materials of specialized conferences and forums, in leading journals of Russia.

The article is an analysis of the settlement systems development of East Asian countries from the point of view of the adopted measures of urban planning regulation and their resulting effect on the spatial populated areas development. A sample of countries with the greatest potential for identifying various representative principles of urban planning regulation and geographical dispersion – China, Japan and Singapore – was taken for the study. The time range of the analysis is from the 80s of the XX century to the 20s of the XXI century, corresponding to the period of the most active urbanization in the countries of East Asia, influenced by domestic urban policies and global social processes. Based on the analysis, the key principles in the formation of the approach to urban planning regulation of the settlement systems development in China, Japan and Singapore are defined. To conduct a comparative analysis and assess the effectiveness and adequacy of the application of certain principles of regulation in urban planning activities in the Russian Federation, several criteria are introduced, considering the domestic specifics of urban planning activities. The study proposes an algorithm of actions to introduce and implement one of the principles compatible with Russian urban planning in the process of spatial development.

This article is devoted to the peculiarities of the formation of the historical industrial territories of the Kama region in terms of their history, landscape, architecture and layout. The historical background of the founding of the Ural mining civilization and the features of the construction of Ural plants, including the choice of a site for the construction of the plant, technical features of factory dams and architectural and planning features of the layout of factory buildings, are considered. Pozhevsky and Ochersky factories are considered as examples of historical factory territories. Based on archival documents, books, articles and field surveys, an idea is formed about the factors that influenced the formation of the natural and artificial landscape of these territories, as well as about their current state.

Identification of the mechanisms of destruction of particles of mineral components during processing in grinding devices is a scientific and practical problem, the solution of which has not yet been presented in its final form. In this paper, kinetic characteristics of ferromagnetic bodies moving under the influence of an electromagnetic field in a vortex layer apparatus are determined. A mathematical model of the motion of ferromagnetic bodies is implemented taking into account the radial inhomogeneity of the magnetic field induction. The dependence of the velocity of a ferromagnetic body on the radial coordinate for various values of the magnetic field induction and its gradient is calculated and it is shown that a ferromagnetic body can accelerate to 50 m/s. A approximate model of the disintegration of particles of a mineral component (Portland cement) as a result of their collision during processing in a vortex layer apparatus is proposed. It is found that the number of acts of disintegration for the majority of Portland cement is two, which is significantly less than the number of collisions of such particles. It has been established that the main factors influencing the destruction of particles and their activation during mechanomagnetic processing in the vortex layer apparatus are: 1) the value of magnetic induction; 2) the gradient of magnetic induction (the switching frequency of electromagnets in the vortex layer apparatus); 3) the magnetic susceptibility of the substance of the processed material. Based on the analysis of the distribution curves of mineral substance particles after crushing, zoning of the working chamber of the vortex layer apparatus is proposed: 1) the zone of mixing, grinding and activation of particles (the range of movement of ferromagnetic bodies is 0–12 m/s); 2) the zone of intensive grinding and activation of particles (the speed range is 12–50 m/s).

The basics of the organization of a monitoring system for ensuring the mechanical safety of structures during the operation of buildings and structures are presented, which is based on a mathematical model (“digital twin”) of the object.It is shown that the mathematical model for the organization of monitoring should be based on different approaches compared with the design model of the structure created during the development of design documentation.For monitoring purposes, the “digital twin” of an object should reflect the most likely condition of its structures, be free from assumptions that are used in the construction of a design calculation model, reflect the aIn this case, the mathematical model becomes the basis of an interactive monitoring system, which allows it to be built on the principle of a traffic light, defining an alarm criterion (yellow signal), which allows timely organizational and technical decisions to be made when a negative trend has not yet led to dangerous consequences (red signal).ctual characteristics of structural materials, actual loads and impacts recorded in the executive documentation and deviations from the project.In this case, the mathematical model becomes the basis of an interactive monitoring system, which allows it to be built on the principle of a traffic light, defining an alarm criterion (yellow signal), which allows timely organizational and technical decisions to be made when a negative trend has not yet led to dangerous consequences (red signal).The mathematical model also allows for the interpolation of discrete readings of installed sensors according to the laws of operation of the structure itself (instead of the usual proportional calculation between points), which makes it possible to verify the measurement results.In addition, it opens up the possibility of performing continuous definitions of the stress-strain state of an object, when the deformation pattern is determined photogrammetrically, and stresses are calculated using a mathematical model. The article describes the software implementing the proposed approach.

The article analyzes the impact of soil deformation characteristics on the design of transmission line tower structures. Methods for accounting for the compliance of the soil foundation in the “structure–foundation–soil” system model, implemented in the Plaxis software, are reviewed. The results of a comparative analysis of forces in structural elements under various soil deformation modulus values are presented. The study highlights the importance of nonlinear soil properties in improving calculation accuracy and preventing progressive collapse of towers. The necessity of further development of methodologies that consider the interaction between structures and soil foundations under extreme loads is emphasized.