Контроль активности и селективности Pd-катализаторов гидрирования алкинов путем модификации структуры носителей различной природы гетероатомами N, S и P (обзор)

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Abstract

В обзоре рассмотрены актуальные достижения в области создания модифицированных гетероатомами N, S и P носителей для палладиевых катализаторов селективного гидрирования алкинов до олефинов. Описан механизм процесса, рассмотрены основные факторы, определяющие активность и селективность Pd-катализаторов, особое внимание уделено морфологическим характеристикам наночастиц и модификаторам активной фазы. Проведен сравнительный анализ активности и селективности Pd-катализаторов на основе ряда материалов (силикатных, углеродных, металл-органических каркасов и органических полимеров), модифицированных гетероатомами N, S и P либо в процессе синтеза (премодификация), либо путем функционализации уже готового материала (постмодификация), либо комбинацией двух стратегий. Рассмотрена связь строения носителя со свойствами наночастиц палладия, внедренных в его структуру, а также активностью, стабильностью и селективностью катализаторов. Внедрение гетероатомов N, P и S является эффективным инструментом, способствующим стабилизации частиц активной фазы. Использование модифицированных материалов в качестве носителей, как правило, снижает активность Pd-катализаторов на их основе, однако в то же время способствует значительному росту селективности по целевым олефинам. В случае силикатных и углеродных материалов наиболее оптимальными и используемыми являются подходы постмодификации, в то время как в случае металл-органических каркасов и органических полимеров — премодификации.

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About the authors

Д. А. Макеева

Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова

Author for correspondence.
Email: daria.makeeva@chemistry.msu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7750-7457

химический факультет, к.х.н.

119991, ГСП-1, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 3

М. В. Ненашева

Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова

Email: daria.makeeva@chemistry.msu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0770-8277

химический факультет, к.х.н.

Russian Federation, 119991, ГСП-1, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 3

M. А. Баженова

Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова

Email: daria.makeeva@chemistry.msu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2157-0227

химический факультет

Russian Federation, 119991, ГСП-1, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 3

Л. А. Куликов

Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова

Email: daria.makeeva@chemistry.msu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7665-5404

химический факультет, к.х.н.

Russian Federation, 119991, ГСП-1, г. Москва, Ленинские горы, д. 1, стр. 3

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14. Fig. 1. Synthesis of Pd catalyst based on SBA-PEI material [66].

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15. Fig. 2. Schematic representation of FFSiLPd catalysts (L = -NH2, -en, -den) (a), micrograph of colloidal palladium (b), distribution of palladium nanoparticles by size (c) [70].

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16. Fig. 3. Synthesis of Pd catalysts in the core–shell system [77].

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17. Fig. 4. Scheme of synthesis of dendrimer-containing hybrid organosilicate materials: G3-dendr-SiO2 (a), G2-dendr-meso-SiO2 (b) [80].

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18. Fig. 5. Scheme of alkyne hydrogenation on the surface of unsupported and supported Pd NCs [113].

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19. Fig. 6. Schematic representation of the UiO-66(Hf) framework (a), its secondary building block (b); synthesis of Pd/UiO-66(Hf) (c) and Pd@UiO-66(Hf) (d) catalysts [127].

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20. Fig. 7. Scheme of synthesis of PAF-1 material (a) and its theoretical structure (b) [182].

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21. Fig. 8. Scheme of synthesis of porous aromatic frameworks modified with amino groups. n is the number of benzene rings in the diboric acid used. For materials of the PAF-20 series n = 1, and for PAF-30 n = 2 [22].

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22. Fig. 9. Scheme of synthesis of porous organic polymer POL-1 [191].

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