The female reproductive system of the genus Hololepta (Coleoptera, Histeridae, Histerinae, Hololeptini) and its significance for the systematics of the group

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Аннотация

Most species of the genus Hololepta show flat bodies and atypical ovipositor structures, these latter being adapted to laying the eggs inside wood. Cladistic analyses based on 33 characters of the adult insect body and 15 characters of the ovipositor support the monophyly of the genus. The subgenus Hololepta has more apomorphic characters than does Leionota. This study did not reveal any characters that show the monophyly of Leionota. In most species of the subgenus Hololepta the gonocoxites bear teeth that help pushing out the substrate during oviposition. The valvifers in most Hololepta species have longitudinal thickenings to further increase their strength. Our data show that the characters of the ovipositor are lower in value for phylogenetic reconstructions. The reproductive system of female Hololepta is more prone to convergences and parallelisms compared to the features of their external structure.

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Авторлар туралы

V. Bichevoy

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: vladislav.bychevoy@gmail.com

Department of Entomology, Faculty of Biology

Ресей, Moscow, 119234

Әдебиет тізімі

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2. Fig. 1. Details of the structure of the reproductive apparatus of Hololepta and Plaesius javanus: a – ovipositor inside the abdomen in H. amurensis (from above, the proportions of the sclerites and abdomen are maintained); b, c – straightened reproductive apparatus of H. baulni (photographed after soaking in 96% ethanol for several days); g, d – straightened reproductive apparatus of Plaesius javanus. ano – anal opening, vcr – outer edge, vlf – valvifer, vmp – ventromedial plate, vncr – inner edge, gks – gonocoxite, cl – keel, pg – pygidium, ppg – propygidium, cc – articular sclerite, st – stylus, ct – chaeta.

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3. Fig. 2. Details of the external structure of the imago of species of the genus Hololepta. H. elongate: a – anterior part of the body from below, b – anterior part of the body from above, c – mesothorax and middle leg, d – abdomen from below, e – abdomen from above. H. semicuncta: g – anterior part of the body from above, g – anterior part of the body from below, h – abdomen from above. H. feae: i – pronotum and head. H. baulni: k – pronotum and head. H. higoniae: l – pronotum and head. H. amurensis: m – pronotum and head. From here on, the numbers before the colon indicate the number of the character, and after the colon – its state.

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4. Fig. 3. Details of the structure of the studied beetles (Histeridae: Histerinae). Oxysternus maximus: a – the front part of the body from above, z – the body of the beetle from the side. Hister quadrimaculatus: b – the front part of the body from above at an angle. Hololepta reichii: c – the body of the beetle from the side, k – the front part of the body from the side. H. laevigata: g – the body of the beetle from the side, i – the front part of the body from the side. H. plana: d – the body of the beetle from the side. Plaesius javanus: e – the front part of the body from below. Hololepta elongata: g – the front limb of the beetle.

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5. Рис. 5. Надкрылья исследованных жуков-карапузиков (Histeridae, Histerinae), вид сверху: а – Hister quadrimaculatus, б – Oxysternus maximus, в – Plaesius javanus, г – Hololepta reichii, д – Hololepta baulni, е – Hololepta quadridentata, ж – Hololepta plana, з – Hololepta laevigata.

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6. Rice. Fig. 4. Puncture of the pygidium of adults of species of the genus Hololepta: a – Hololepta amurensis, b – H. baulni, c – H. elongata, d – H. feae, e – H. higoniae, f – H. indica, g – H. laevigata, h – H. plana, i – H. quadridentata, j – H. reichii.

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7. Fig. 6. Structure of the articulated sclerite of the studied species of beetles (Histeridae, Histerinae).

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8. Fig. 7. Valvifers of the studied species of beetles (Histeridae, Histerinae). The top view corresponds to the dorsoventral axis of the beetle's body; the side view corresponds to the sagittal axis of the body.

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9. Fig. 8. Ventral side of gonocoxites of the studied species of beetles (Histeridae, Histerinae).

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10. Fig. 9. Structure of the outer edge of the gonocoxites of the studied species of beetles (Histeridae, Histerinae).

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11. Fig. 11. The structure of spermathecae of the studied species of beetles (Histeridae, Histerinae).

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12. Fig. 12. Tree (L = 56, CI = 83, RI = 86) based on external morphological characters (1–33) of the studied Histeridae beetles (Histerinae). The numbers at the base of the clade branches are the results of bootstrap analysis (N = 10,000) only for p ≥ 0.49; black circles are putative synapomorphies, white circles are putative homoplasies of character states; above the circles are character numbers; below the circles are character state designations.

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13. Fig. 13. Tree (L = 35, CI = 57, RI = 37) based on the characters of the female reproductive system (34–50) of the studied beetles (Histeridae, Histerinae). The numbers at the base of the clade branches are the results of bootstrap analysis (N = 10,000) only for p ≥ 0.49, black circles are putative synapomorphies, white circles are putative homoplasies of character states, above the circles are character numbers, below the circles are character state designations.

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14. Fig. 14. Consensus tree (L = 86, CI = 77, RI = 79) based on the characters of the external structure and the reproductive apparatus of females of the studied beetles (Histeridae, Histerinae). The numbers at the base of the branches of the clades are the results of bootstrap analysis (N = 10,000) only for p ≥ 0.49, purple circles are putative synapomorphies of the external structure of beetles, blue circles are of the reproductive apparatus, white circles are putative homoplasies of character states.

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15. Fig. 15. Distribution of the studied species by zoogeographic regions. The tree shown corresponds to the tree in Fig. 14.

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16. Fig. 16. Scatter diagram. The dots indicate the studied Histeridae species. The trend line is marked in red.

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