Description of Candona fuscorara sp. n. with 18S rRNA data and a redescription of Candona uschunica Mazepova 1990 (Ostracoda, Podocopida, Candonidae) from lake Baikal

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Abstract

An illustrated description of females and males of Candona fuscorara Alekseeva et Krivorotkin sp. n. is given. In terms of the structure of the shell and limbs, individuals of the new species are most similar to Candona uschunica Mazepova 1990, a rare and poorly studied species, its original description being brief and incomplete. Based on the type material from the alcohol collection of G. F. Mazepova (syntypes), we prepared a redescription of females and males of C. uschunica; in order to preserve the collection, specimens were dried, and the lectotype and paralectotypes designated. Using light and scanning electron microscopy the morphology of the shells of both species was studied in detail, and an illustrated description of the limbs, including mouthparts, was provided. A detailed comparison is presented and the ecology briefly described. Data on the 18S rRNA gene sequence have been obtained for the new species.

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About the authors

T. M. Alekseeva

Limnological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: atm171@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 664033, Irkutsk

R. S. Krivorotkin

Limnological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: atm171@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 664033, Irkutsk

A. G. Koroleva

Limnological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: atm171@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 664033, Irkutsk

O. А. Timoshkin

Limnological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: atm171@mail.ru
Russian Federation, 664033, Irkutsk

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2. Fig. 1. Candona fuscorara Alekseeva et Krivorotkin sp. n., schematic drawings of the shell of the male (A–F) and female (G–J): A, B, G, H – lateral; from here on sensilla are shown only for drawings of the valves from the inner side; C, I – RV, from the inner side; D, J – LV, from the inner side; from here on the drawings of the valves from the inner side the location of the testes, ovaries and imprints of the adductor muscles are shown; E, F – ventral edge of the valves. In A–F the arrows indicate the anterior end of the body. Scale bar 400 µm.

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3. Fig. 2. Candona fuscorara Alekseeva et Krivorotkin sp. n., SEM photographs of the shells of females (A–D) and males (E–H): A, B, E, F – lateral; C, G – ventral; D, H – dorsal. In A–H, the anterior end of the body is shown by arrows. Scale bar is 400 µm.

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4. Fig. 3. Candona fuscorara Alekseeva et Krivorotkin sp. n., SEM photographs of shell fragments of the male (A, B) and female (C–E): A, B – anterior end of the shell, lateral view; C – surface relief in the center of LV; D, E – sensilla in the center of LV. In A, B, the arrows indicate the anterior end of the body. Scale, µm: A–C – 100, D – 20, E – 5.

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5. Fig. 4. Candona fuscorara Alekseeva et Krivorotkin sp. n., drawings of limbs: A – A1; B – A2 of the female, inner side; C–F – distal segments of A2 of the male, inner side. Scale bar 100 µm.

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6. Fig. 5. Candona fuscorara Alekseeva et Krivorotkin sp. n., drawings of the female oral appendages: A–E – maxillula; in A, plumage is shown only on one seta and is typical for all the others; in D, E – plumage is present but not shown; F – mandible. Scale bar is 100 µm.

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7. Fig. 6. Candona fuscorara Alekseeva et Krivorotkin sp. n., drawings of the limbs of the female (A–D, H) and male (E, F, G): A – L6; B – L7; C, D – L5; E – left palpa L5; F – right palpa L5; G, H – UR. Scale bar 100 µm.

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8. Fig. 7. Candona uschunica Mazepova 1990, schematic drawings of the valves of the male (A–D) and female (E–H) laterally; A, E – RV, outer side; B, F – LV, outer side; C, G – RV, inner side; D, H – LV, inner side. In A–H the arrows indicate the anterior end of the body. Scale bar is 400 µm.

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9. Fig. 8. Candona uschunica Mazepova 1990, SEM photographs of the shell (A–D) and valves (E, F) of the male: A, B – lateral; C – ventral; D – dorsal; E – LV, inner side; F – RV, inner side; arrows indicate the anterior end of the body. In A–F, arrows indicate the anterior end of the body. Scale bar 400 µm.

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10. Fig. 9. Candona uschunica Mazepova 1990, SEM photographs of the shell (A–D) and valves (E, F) of the female: A, B – lateral; C – ventral; D – dorsal; E – LV, inner side; F – RV, inner side. In A–F the anterior end of the body is shown by arrows. Scale bar is 400 µm.

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11. Fig. 10. Candona uschunica Mazepova 1990, SEM photographs of some morphological structures of the female (B–D) and male (A, E): A – anterior end of the shell with a triangular protrusion (expansion of the outer rim), lateral view; B, C – caudal end of the shell, lateral view; D – caudal end of RV from the inner side; E – hemipenis. In A–D, the anterior end of the body is shown by arrows. Scale bar is 100 µm.

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12. Fig. 11. Candona uschunica Mazepova 1990, drawings of limbs: A – A1; B – A2 of the female, external side; C–F – distal segments of A2 of the male, internal side. Scale bar 100 µm.

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13. Fig. 12. Candona uschunica Mazepova 1990, drawings of the limbs of the female (A–C, E, H, I) and male (D, F, G): A – L6; B – L7; C – palp L5 of the female; F – right palp L5 of the male; G – left palp L5 of the male; D, E – UR; H – mandible; I – palp of the maxillary. Scale bar 100 µm.

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14. Fig. 13. Micrographs of the male reproductive system organs of Candona fuscorara Alekseeva et Krivorotkin sp. n. (A, C) and Candona uschunica Mazepova 1990 (B, D): A, B – hemipenis; C, D – Zenker’s organ. Scale bar 100 µm.

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15. Fig. 14. Micrographs of the valves of males Candona fuscorara Alekseeva et Krivorotkin sp. n. (A–C) and Candona uschunica Mazepova 1990 (D–F) from the outside: A, D – RV; B, E – LV; C, F – triangular protrusion formed by widening of the outer border of RV. In A–F, the anterior end of the body is shown by arrows. Scale, µm: A, B, D, E – 500; C, F – 100.

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16. Fig. 15. Micrographs of the valves of females Candona fuscorara Alekseeva et Krivorotkin sp. n. (A, B) and Candona uschunica Mazepova 1990 (C, D) from the outside: A, C–LV; B, D – RV. In A–D, the arrows indicate the anterior end of the body. Scale bar is 500 µm.

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17. Fig. 16. Photomicrographs of the grasping segments L5 of males of Candona fuscorara Alekseeva et Krivorotkin sp. n. (A–D) and Candona uschunica Mazepova 1990 (E, F): A, D, F – from the outer side; C, D, E – from the inner side. Scale bar 100 µm.

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18. Fig. 17. Phylogenetic position of Candona fuscorara Alekseeva et Krivorotkin sp. n. (highlighted in green) on the scheme reconstructed from the 18S rRNA gene (MrBayes. 3.2.7). The branching nodes show the posterior probability values. The scale shows the genetic distances.

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