Молекулярные механизмы модуляции стволовости опухолевых клеток при формировании сфероидов: обзор литературы

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Аннотация

Опухолевые стволовые клетки (ОСК), их свойства и взаимодействие с микроокружением представляют интерес для современной медицины и биологии. Существует множество исследований возникновения ОСК и их вовлечённости в патогенез опухоли. Важнейшее свойство, присущее ОСК - это стволовость. Стволовость сочетает в себе способность клетки сохранять свою плюрипотентность, давать начало дифференцированным клеткам и взаимодействовать с окружающей средой для поддержания баланса между покоем, пролиферацией и регенерацией. В то время как взрослые стволовые клетки проявляют эти свойства, участвуя в гомеостазе тканей, ОСК ведут себя как их злокачественные эквиваленты. Высокая устойчивость опухоли к терапии, способность дифференцироваться, активировать ангиогенез и метастазирование возникает именно за счёт стволовости ОСК. Данные клетки могут использоваться в качестве мишени при терапии различных типов рака. Для изучения биологии рака и поиска новых терапевтических стратегий необходимы лабораторные модели. Перспективным направлением являются трёхмерные модели опухолей или сфероиды. В таких моделях формируются свойства, напоминающие стволовость в естественной опухоли. С помощью модификации сфероидов становится возможным исследовать влияние терапии на ОСК, тем самым способствуя развитию тест-систем противоопухолевых лекарственных средств. В обзоре рассматривается ниша ОСК, возможность их исследования с помощью использования трёхмерных сфероидов и существующие маркеры для оценки такого свойства ОСК, как стволовость.

Об авторах

А. С Пономарев

Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет

420008 Казань, Республика Татарстан, Россия

З. Е Гилазиева

Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет

420008 Казань, Республика Татарстан, Россия

В. В Соловьева

Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет

420008 Казань, Республика Татарстан, Россия

А. А Ризванов

Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет

Email: rizvanov@gmail.com
420008 Казань, Республика Татарстан, Россия

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