The role of extracellular nanovesicles in the carcinogenesis and diagnosis of lung cancer: review

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Lung cancer is a tumor lesion that is widespread among the population worldwide, accounting for 12.4% of the total number of new cases of malignant tumors. Lung tumors are the leader in the structure of mortality in patients with cancer. According to the World Health Organization, the incidence of lung malignancies is steadily increasing worldwide and will reach 35 million cases per year by 2050, which is 77% higher than the data for 2022.

In the early stages, lung cancer does not have specific clinical symptoms, which makes it difficult to diagnose and leads to late detection, which is noted in more than 70% of patients with this lesion. Thus, lung cancer is a global medical, social, clinical and epidemiological problem worldwide.

With the discovery of extracellular nanovesicles (exosomes), scientists began to develop new approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. It was found that exosomes obtained from tumor cells have a powerful effect on the tumor microenvironment, antitumor immunoregulatory activity, tumor progression and metastasis. In addition, more and more studies are providing various therapies for lung tumors with the loading of drugs, proteins and microRNAs targeting specific antigens into exosomes.

The authors analyzed the data available in the literature on the role of extracellular nanovesicles containing lipids, surface and internal proteins, microRNAs and other compounds in carcinogenesis, as well as on the possibilities of using exosomes as new prognostic biomarkers in the minimally invasive diagnosis of lung cancer.

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作者简介

Andrey Kireev

Moscow City Hospital named after S.S. Yudin; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Email: aa.kireev@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1366-7504
SPIN 代码: 9035-6812

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

俄罗斯联邦, 4 Kolomenskyi driveway, 115446 Moscow; Moscow 125993

Marina Semushina

Moscow City Hospital named after S.S. Yudin

Email: semushinamarina@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-2819-2851
SPIN 代码: 3541-6144

MD

俄罗斯联邦, 4 Kolomenskyi driveway, 115446 Moscow

Anna Semenova

Moscow City Hospital named after S.S. Yudin

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: asemenova81@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8433-0837
SPIN 代码: 1650-8097

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)

俄罗斯联邦, 4 Kolomenskyi driveway, 115446 Moscow

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