The effect of fine suspended particles in the atmospheric air on the formation and course of the T2 endotype of bronchial asthma: a case-control study

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The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of fine suspended particles in the atmospheric air on the formation and course of allergic and non-allergic phenotypes of the T2 endotype of bronchial asthma (BA) using the case-control study.

Materials and methods. BA patients were selected in the course of seeking medical help. The groups were formed on the base of matching criteria (gender, age, body mass index, level of education), supplemented by the collection of information about potential cofounders. Based on the data on monitoring the content of fine suspended particles in the atmospheric air of Kazan, the average annual and maximum concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 fractions were determined in the residential areas. The group of “cases” included forty patients with an allergic phenotype and 42 patients with an eosinophilic non-allergic phenotype of bronchial asthma, the control group included forty eight people. Additionally, sampling of atmospheric air was carried out using an 8-stage impactor to assess the content of bacterial endotoxin, and elemental composition.

Results. Higher levels of pollution with fine suspended particles were demonstrated in the areas of residence of BA patients, comparing to the control group. An increase in the average annual concentration of the PM2.5 by 10 µg/m3 increases the odds of the eosinophilic non-allergic BA phenotype in adults by 4.76 times. The odds of the allergic phenotype of bronchial asthma increases in the presence of bacterial endotoxin — 1.32 times per 0.01 EU/m3 of endotoxin in the 3.2–18 µm size fraction. A more severe course of the eosinophilic non-allergic BA phenotype was noted at higher average annual concentrations of the PM2.5. The control of allergic asthma depends on the bacterial contamination of the aerosol.

Limitations of the study are related to the use of geospatial approach to assess personalized average annual and maximum annual concentrations.

Conclusion. The role of fine suspended particles in the atmospheric air in the development of bronchial asthma in adults has been shown. Various mechanisms were established to be involved in the formation of the clinical picture of the eosinophilic non-allergic and allergic phenotypes of bronchial asthma.

Compliance with ethical standards: the Local ethics committee of the Kazan State Medical University approved this study.

Contribution:
Fatkhutdinova L.M. — the concept and design of the study, data analysis and interpretation, writing the article, editing, preparing the article for publication;
Skorokhodkina O.V. — selection of patients with bronchial asthma and comparison group, data analysis and interpretation, text editing;
Khakimova M.R. — medical examination of patients with bronchial asthma and comparison group, data analysis and interpretation;
Rakhimzyanov A.R. — medical examination of patients with bronchial asthma and comparison group, data analysis and interpretation;
Yapparova L.I. — atmospheric air sampling using the impactor, gravimetric analysis and characterization of aerosol bacterial contamination, data interpretation;
Ablyaeva A.V. — survey of study participants on the presence of factors that increase the risk of bronchial asthma, data analysis and interpretation;
Gabidinova G.F. — statistical processing of the results, preparation of graphs, text editing;
Noskov A.I. — TEM analysis of the size distribution and composition of sampled aerosol particles, data analysis and interpretation;
Timerbulatova G.A. — analysis of the data on monitoring the content of fine suspended particles in the atmospheric air of Kazan, data analysis and interpretation, text editing;
Zalyalov R.R. — study design, data analysis and interpretation, text editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 

Acknowledgment. The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-05-50094. 

Received: October 12, 2022 / Accepted: December 8, 2022 / Published: January 12, 2023 

Sobre autores

Liliya Fatkhutdinova

Kazan State Medical University

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: liliya.fatkhutdinova@kazangmu.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9506-563X

MD, PhD, head of the Department of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, Kazan, 420012, Russian Federation.

e-mail: liliya.fatkhutdinova@kazangmu.ru

Rússia

Olesya Skorokhodkina

Kazan State Medical University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5793-5753
Rússia

Laila Yapparova

Kazan State Medical University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-3558-8807
Rússia

Milyausha Khakimova

Kazan State Medical University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-3533-2596
Rússia

Alfrit Rakhimzyanov

Kazan State Medical University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4311-2005
Rússia

Anastasiya Ablyaeva

Kazan State Medical University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5597-0694
Rússia

Aleksei Noskov

Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7346-9753
Rússia

Gulnaz Gabidinova

Kazan State Medical University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-2616-5017
Rússia

Gyuzel Timerbulatova

Kazan State Medical University; Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2479-2474
Rússia

Ramil Zalyalov

Kazan State Medical University; Republican Medical Center for Information and Analysis

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-2062-0058
Rússia

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Declaração de direitos autorais © Fatkhutdinova L.M., Skorokhodkina O.V., Yapparova L.I., Khakimova M.R., Rakhimzyanov A.R., Ablyaeva A.V., Noskov A.I., Gabidinova G.F., Timerbulatova G.A., Zalyalov R.R., 2023


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