Soil Bacterial Communities in the Zone of Influence of Salt Dump (Solikamsk, Perm Krai)

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Abstract

Using the method of high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, the taxonomic composition of soil bacterial communities (Technosol and Retisol) near the salt dump of a potassium enterprise (Solikamsk, Perm region) was analyzed. Soil samples without plants and the rhizosphere of plants of the species Calamagrostis epigeios (L.) Roth) from areas located 1–1.5, 8, 780 m and 11 km from the salt dump were studied. It was found that bacteria from the phyla Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, Actinomycetota, Acidobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota and Gemmatimonadota predominated in all soil samples. Halite waste had the greatest impact on the taxonomic composition of bacterial communities on the soils of areas (in the salinity zone) located in the immediate vicinity of the salt dump (1–1.5 m). In soil samples without plants collected in these areas, relative to soils samples without salinity (at a distance of 8, 780 m, 11 km from the salt dump), bacteria of the order “Candidatus Actinomarinales” predominated; the proportion in the bacterial communities of representatives of the phyla Acidobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota, class Actinobacteria and the Chitinophagaceae family, the proportion of bacteria of the family Xanthomonadaceae increased. In rhizosphere bacterial communities of the plants growing in the salinity zone, the proportion of representatives of the phylum Acidobacteriota and the families Chitinophagaceae, Enterobacteriaceae decreased, and the proportion of the families Xanthomonadaceae and Flavobacteriaceae increased. The influence of the salt dump on the soil bacterial communities from areas located 8 m and 730 m from the salt dump was revealed, manifested in the presence of representatives of the order “Candidatus Actinomarinales” (1.4–1.6%), families Nitrosomonadaceae (3.0–6.1%), Saprospiraceae (1.0–1.9%), the genus Ilumatobacter (1.6–2.8%) and unculturable bacteria of the family Rhodanobacteraceae (1.3–1.5%).

About the authors

A. V. Nazarov

Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms – a branch of the Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: nazarov@iegm.ru
Russian Federation, Perm

Yu. I. Nechaeva

Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms – a branch of the Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: nazarov@iegm.ru
Russian Federation, Perm

E. S. Korsakova

Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms – a branch of the Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: nazarov@iegm.ru
Russian Federation, Perm

A. A. Pyankova

Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms – a branch of the Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: nazarov@iegm.ru
Réunion, Perm

E. G. Plotnikova

Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms – a branch of the Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: nazarov@iegm.ru
Russian Federation, Perm

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Structure of bacterial communities of the studied soils and rhizosphere of terrestrial reedgrass plants at the phylum level. Taxa whose abundance does not exceed 1% are marked as Other. Soil samples without plants: 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 5S; rhizosphere samples: 1SR, 2SR, 3SR, 4SR, 5SR

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3. Fig. 2. Predominant bacterial families in soil without plants (25 families characterised by the highest percentage content are shown). The heat map represents the percentage content of families in the tested samples

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4. Fig. 3. Predominant bacterial families in the rhizosphere of groundselgrass (25 families characterised by the highest percentage content are shown). The heat map shows the percentage content of families in the studied samples

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