No 11 (2024)

The study presents a comparative analysis of technical solutions and technologies for energy-efficient capital repairs of apartment buildings. The purpose of the study is to identify technical solutions and technologies during the overhaul of structural elements of an apartment building that ensure the most effective reduction of heat losses and consumption. The methodological approaches of the study are based on a statistical analysis of the data on the results of major repairs in the Russian Federation. According to the results of the study, it was found that when planning major repairs, it is necessary to choose a set of technical solutions and technologies that together contribute to reducing energy consumption during work and achieving the most significant results in increasing the energy efficiency class of a residential building based on a comparative assessment of alternative options. The analysis showed that with the introduction of modern energy-saving technologies, the overhaul of apartment buildings can increase the level of energy efficiency for a minimum period of operation (for a quarter of a century) before the next major overhaul, ensuring equal conditions of energy comfort with new generation buildings (modern construction), which as a result improves the quality of life of citizens and accelerates the economic growth of the country.

The study of niches in the interiors of medieval dwelling houses of Ani, the largest Christian city in Armenia, carries out for the first time as part of a monographic article. The material for the study is the samples of niches in the structure of the houses of Ani excavated by the expedition of Nikolay Marr more than a century ago and by Turkish archaeologists over the past decades. The typological classification, carried out according to various criteria, contributes to the ordering of this material, which, despite its wide popularity, turned out to be poorly studied. Special attention is paid to the conches of the niches, which often had sculptural and carved decoration. It made the niche the most expressive form in the entire room. The dating of the studied niches within the epoch between the second half of the 12th and the first half of the 14^th century is confirmed by the peculiarities of the stylistic implementation of these architectural forms, as well as their visual similarity with the niches created in the apses of Armenian churches, starting from the turn of the 12^th–13^th centuries. Reflections are expressed on the purpose of niches in the halls of dwelling houses, some palaces, on their similarity to the niches depicted in the miniatures of manuscripts, with the titles of the gospels. The similarity with the niches in the palaces of the Seljuks of Asia Minor also is detected.

Portable housing, developing in line with the current processes of prefabricated architecture formation, is undergoing qualitative changes at the present stage. The purpose of this study is to establish conceptual approaches to the implementation of portable residential facilities.The study identifies the main socio-cultural trends affecting the formation of ways to organize portable housing:reducing living space to a minimum within one cell, searching for ways to ensure a nomadic lifestyle and the development of radical home mobility, a technological trend towards introducing elements of virtual reality in the context of organizing residential environment with the possibility of its transfer to the meta-space. Analysis of modern implemented and design concepts for organizing ultra-compact dwellings made it possible to establish the following current approaches to the formation of a portable dwelling: a capsule prefabricated object based on a solid-body structure; a portable object that has the quality of expanded functionality of its structure-forming elements; elements of clothing and equipment capable of high-quality transformation into a portable shelter; user-powered portable housing; prefabricated shelter on a movable base for operation in various extreme environmental conditions; suspended portable objects not tied to a stationary site; meta-portable residential objects implemented on the basis of virtual reality technologies. It is show that a portable home instantly absorbs changes in the social and technological sphere, becoming an experimental object for the implementation of innovative solutions.

The limits of application of the graph-analytical method for calculating the settlement of a single pile in a single-layer soil massif depending on the length and diameter of the pile are investigated. The graph-analytical method makes it possible to take into account non-linear work of the soil on the whole surface of the pile, exclusion from further work of the soil area along the lateral surface of the pile, where the ultimate strength of the soil was reached, mechanism of load distribution on the pile and friction reduction at the contact “pile–soil”. A comparative analysis of the results obtained by the graph-analytical method and numerical simulation performed in the Plaxis 2d software package was performed. According to the results of calculations, the graphs of dependence of settlements on loads were plotted and a comparative analysis of the character of deformation of the graphs, distribution of loads on the pile and values of settlements was performed. As a result, conclusions were drawn about the applicability of the graph-analytical solution for calculating pile settlements depending on their length and diameter, and recommendations were given for adjusting the design domain and pile load distribution to increase convergence with the numerical solution.