卷 69, 编号 9 (2024)

BACKGROUND: Anaerobic infections are life-threatening, often severe, and dangerous for patients with comorbidities. However, in the routine practice of microbiological laboratories, anaerobes are usually not cultured or identified, and the susceptibility of obligate anaerobes to antibiotics is rarely determined. However, antibiotic resistance has increased worldwide, including among anaerobic bacteria.

AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the susceptibility of etiologically significant species of obligate anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients with coloproctological diseases from different regions of the Russian Federation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The multicenter, prospective, uncontrolled study included etiologically significant obligate anaerobes isolated from patients with coloproctological diseases in 65 regions of the Russian Federation. Subsequent evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility was performed in accordance with the regulatory documents used in the Russian Federation.

RESULTS: As a result of the study, 1,200 strains of obligate anaerobes of 123 species were collected. The analysis included the results of susceptibility testing of 430 anaerobic strains causing proctological infections, including Bacteroides (n =202), Parabacteroides (n =22), Phocaeicola vulgatus (n =104), Prevotella (n =11), Clostridium perfringens (n =91). Resistance to metronidazole, clindamycin, meropenem and vancomycin was detected in 77.3%, 72.7%, 62.5% and 8.79% of the strains, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Monitoring for antibiotic resistance in obligate anaerobes that pose a threat of spreading antibiotic-resistant strains helps reduce the spread of resistance and personalizes antimicrobial therapy and prevention protocols for patients, reducing treatment costs and hospital stay time by quickly switching from empiric to etiotropic therapy.

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance in pathogens causing hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), particularly to carbapenems non-susceptibility, is a serious public health problem. New rapid and sensitive diagnostic methods are required for the timely initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy. The development and implementation of molecular diagnostic tests, based on polymerase chain reaction and promising isothermal amplification techniques, will significantly reduce turnaround time and improve detection of HAP pathogens with carbapenemase genes.

AIM: The aim was to compare efficacy of a new loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) test for the detection of NDM, OXA-48, and KPC carbapenemase genes and routine laboratory tests based on real-time polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), including hospital-acquired pneumonia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 141 samples of lower respiratory tract biomaterial collected from 107 patients with hospital-acquired LRTI (hospital-acquired pneumonia and/or purulent tracheobronchitis). Tracheal aspirate (TA, n=78), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL, n=29) and sputum (n=34) were used as biomaterial samples. Nucleic acids were isolated using an AmpliTest® RIBO-prep kit. NDM, OXA-48 and KPC genes were analyzed using the proposed AmpliTest® CP NDM/OXA-48/KPC LAMP reagent kit by loop isothermal amplification (LAMP). To compare results, real-time PCR was performed using the AmpliSens MDR MBL-FL and AmpliSens MDR KPC/OXA-48-FL reagent kits.

RESULTS: Concordant results were obtained for the detection of NDM, OXA-48 and KPC carbapenemase genes in lower respiratory tract biomaterial samples using a new LAMP test and PCR tests for all samples tested. Based on the time to positivity (TTP), the turnaround time for LAMP was shorter than the turnaround time for PCR. Additional PCR tests were used to identify the Gram-negative microorganisms in the samples tested (both individually and in combination).

CONCLUSION: The obtained data showed that the efficiency of detection of the study groups of carbapenemase genes by the new LAMP test is not lower than the efficiency of their detection by the PCR tests previously used in practice.

A biobank is a unique platform for modern applied and basic biomedical research. This department not only stores biological samples, but also systematizes the clinical and laboratory information for each sample. In 2023 a decision was made to create a biobank as part of the Central Research Laboratory at the Ural State Medical University. First, a type of biological material had to be selected to create a collection and associated information. The decision to form the first collection of oral fluid samples was driven by our long history of research in oral fluid biomarkers.

The aim of this article is to describe the experience of establishing a university biobank based on a collection of oral fluid samples. The article reviews the major stages of establishing and operating a biobank, describes techniques for preparing oral fluid samples, and provides statistics on sample collections. Currently, the majority of oral fluid samples in the biobank are obtained from conditionally healthy patients and patients with various diseases. The studies used biobank collections to search for prognostic biomarkers of various medical conditions.

Therefore, a university biobank is an opportunity for university staff to improve the quality and reproducibility of research and clinical trials.